![]() ĭai Y, Cai S, Wu L, Yang W, Xie J, Wen W, Zheng Y, Zheng J-C, Zhu Y (2014) Surface modified and controlled CF x cathode material for ultrafast discharge and high energy density. ![]() ![]() Ĭlaves D (2011) Spectroscopic study of fluorinated carbon nanostructures. Fuller Nanotub Carbon Nanostructures 28:1048–1058. Ĭhen X, Wang X, Fang D (2020) A review on C1s XPS-spectra for some kinds of carbon materials. īezugla TM, Grishchenko LM, Vakaliuk AV, Diyuk VE, Mischanchuk OV, Lisnyak VV (2018) Covalent bonding of sulfogroups to activated carbon fibers: the role of bromine plasma pretreatment. Īsanov IP, Paasonen VM, Mazalov LN, Nazarov AS (1998) X-ray photoelectron study of fluorinated graphite intercalation compounds. Īlemany L, Zhang L, Zeng L, Edwards C, Barron A (2007) Solid-state NMR analysis of fluorinated single-walled carbon nanotubes: Assessing the extent of fluorination. Īhmad Y, Disa E, Guérin K, Dubois M, Petit E, Hamwi A, Thomas P, Mansot JL (2014) Structure control at the nanoscale in fluorinated graphitized carbon blacks through the fluorination route. Īgopian J, Teraube O, Charlet K, Dubois M (2021) A review about the fluorination and oxyfluorination of carbon fibres. Īdamska M, Narkiewicz U (2017) Fluorination of carbon nanotubes − a review. Part II: quantitative fitting of spectra. High halogenation temperatures (up to 800 ☌) cause a significant increase in the amount of "semi-ionic" fluorine, which is present as C–F and CF 2 groups directly bonded to the π-electron system of the carbon matrix.Īarva A, Deringer VL, Sainio S, Laurila T, Caro MA (2019) Understanding X-ray spectroscopy of carbonaceous materials by combining experiments, density functional theory, and machine learning. From XPS and 19F ssNMR measurements, mainly C–F, C–Cl, CClF 2, CF 2, and CF 3 groups were identified as attached forms of halogens. The outer carbon surface is enriched in fluorine, contrasting to the inner surface of the micropores. Fluorine and chlorine are randomly but not evenly distributed in the porous structure of NAC. ![]() Increasing the halogenation temperature to 500–700 ☌ significantly upsurges the efficiency of both fluorination and chlorination, up to 0.82–0.96 and 2.23–2.87 mmol g –1, respectively. The NAC modified at 400 ☌ has the lowest halogen content of 0.21 mmol g –1 of fluorine and 1.11 mmol g –1 of chlorine. Elemental analysis, nitrogen adsorption–desorption studies, electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron (XPS) and solid-state 19F nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR) spectroscopies were exploited to analyze the composition, micro-, nanostructure, and functional surface coverage. The method comprises treatment with dichlorodifluoromethane at 400–800 ☌. A new method is proposed for the simultaneous introduction of fluorine and chlorine into the surface layer of nanoporous-activated carbon (NAC). ![]()
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